domingo, 28 de agosto de 2022

Buzzwords - Environment, Development and Sustainability - A Philosophical Critique

              Buzzwords
  Environment Development Sustainability

A Philosophical Critique



Natural Environment

- - - - X

The environment can be better understood if we imagine a funnel. Where the broader concept would be everything that exists as Matter.

All that is empirically sustentable. Including your own body. We are part of the Environment. We were formed by the environment and when we die we return to the environment.

Other than that, there are no conditions for you to exist. And when I say you I don't mean your body, not even your memories, but something more internal and maybe even transcendent (not in the mystical sense).

Further down the funnel we have an Environment limited to Natural Environment (as opposed to artificial environment).

Natural as opposed to Artificial.

Being artificial anything that is invented, created or manipulated by humans.

Understand that the limitation of Natural by Artificial is already an artificial limitation. Because it's a limit that occurs only in the human mind. But Human beings are also part of the natural environment, being as natural as a tree. Therefore, we cannot really determine artificiality. 

Such artificiality goes far from unnecessary. We have, for example, cultures where the term Environment does not make complete sense because they do not recognize the environment as external to man.

Now, in philosophical terms, beyond mere Environmental Conscience, I highlight the evidential inconcreture of the Matter. That is, we still cannot strictly prove the reality of the world and how it presents itself. See the 3 examples.

“To be is to be perceived (Esse est percipi)." Or, "If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound?”

-- George Berkeley


Here, David Berkeley (12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) introduced Immaterialism. For Berkeley, Matter (ample term for Environment) only exists in the condition of being perceived. In simple words, it only exists in our mind.


“Man created God in his own image”

--  Ludwig Feuerbach 



Ludwig Feuerbach (July 28, 1804 – September 13, 1872) introduced the concept of Materialism. In his philosophy there is no God. No Metaphysis or even Ideas unconditioned to Matter. By this, all Human ideias come from the Environment. 



“Experience without theory is blind, but theory without experience is mere intellectual play”

--  Immanuel Kant




Both of the above ideas are highly questioned because of its Extremism, the most common is to follow the Common Sense as that I presented by Kant. Where both Matter helps in the formation of the mind, giving structure to it, and the mind conceives ideas independently of Matter, such as Time and Space.


But in no philosophical vision is it possible to fully know the matter (the thing in itself), much less is it a consensus that Science could do this. 

To conclude, I make it clear that not even the concept of Environment is a consensus in Philosophy. Therefore, the same can only be treated from an ideological point of view, that is, adhering to one of the aforementioned views or adhering to common sense.








Oh Im naked but whatever now you guys see the real me, see me the way I came to this world. Maybe that is the way we should act. Return to primitivism.









Now guys do your part and fight against pollution of our planet. While I fight against the sun that also will explode and extinct human life. Unless we extinct yourself first.

Development 

- - - - X

Similar to "Environment", the buzzword "Development" has a range of interpretations. Environment has only one definition but varies in interpretations. By definition, Development means addition (or even creation) of new resources or non-material goods.

Having in mind that non-material goods  are not a source of pollution let's focus on material goods. 

Humans cannot create material goods, we only can transform them. Usually from a primary state to a secondary or tertiary state. This transformation liberates particles in space. These particles could or could not be harmful to the planet. This is a fact. We can't deny it. And harmful may be a very vague term. In extreme cases, if we define harmful as any unnatural that minimally damages the natural environment we would conclude that it's impossible for man to produce or develop without being harmful to the planet, even if it is minimal. 

Unnatural or Artificial would be anything that is fast enough so nature would not adapt, usually resulting in elimination of the biological environment. 

Those changes commonly occur surrounding human societies. In such a way that even those not burned yet are already contaminated. 

Especially by the systems of poisoning of insects. In general all human beings have similar biological systems in such a way that something that is harmful to an insect will be harmful in a lower level to a human. All humans are contaminated even those who have not yet been born. Because those chemical components cause harm especially to the fetus.





  Sustainability

Sustainability would simply be the idea of developing without causing much damage to the planet. Which is an excellent idea. This must start in everyday life and end on an overall basis. For example you could use a bike instead of a car to go to work. But in extreme cases you could develop a way to lessen the pollution of oceans.

The only thing we shouldnt is to wait till the government solves our pollution problem. Government can't solve any problem.



To CONCLUDE the alternative here is that everything starts individually. From the definition of concepts such as Environment, Development and Sustainability to the practice, which can only be done starting from the individual. It can be polluting less in your small day-to-day actions, boycotting companies that pollute or, in the last case, it is even more effective, developing ideas that you can even sell to companies in a way that results in less pollution. Any action that is mandatory does not conscientize, but rather alienates. 



 



sexta-feira, 19 de agosto de 2022

Who was the First Man? Homo Sapiens, Homo religiosus, Homo culturalis, Homo Ludens & Homo Liber Perquisitor

 Who was the First Man?

Homo Sapiens, Homo religiosus, Homo culturalis, Homo Ludens & Homo Liber Perquisitor


What was the gender of the first human being? What was the color of the first human? Where did it live? What was its name?

 

To define, is to limit. But in this case, to define is to catch an essence. 


The first concept we will understand is the Homo. What is it to be Homo? In simple words, Homo is a complex animal. An animal that presents complex, analytical thinking and use of tools. 


This is important because the main contemporary view of man is derived from the first term. Being Homo the animal that thinks, analyzes and uses tools, it is necessary to explain why we evolved such important behavior. 


HOMO Erectus 


When in an environment favorable to walk standing, in terms, a place where the higher is your vision the farther you see, where the sun burns like a desert (standing results in less body parts in sun exposure), the individuals that could walk standing would better adapt to the environment, having those more partners and leading its genes. This could explain the origin of homo erectus.


HOMO Faber 


Walk standing, those earlier humans got their hands free to move, grab and throw rocks, sticks or whatever material. With time and a more adaptive hand and finger, it became possible to craft things. 


After something starts to burn for natural reasons (such as thunder, rays or sunlight) those humans could use its free hands to grab a stick in flames (for example) and use it to burn meat. Exciting its particles and liberating more energy and nutrients. Or getting cold in a dark and freezing night. 


With more access to nutrients and a life with less risk, maybe the brain could drop some ideias, for example, flintknapping. And after, use it as a knife or, in some extreme case, to create fire from rocks and sticks. 


Work in order to live is not exclusive to humans. But to all beings. To be a living being on earth with finite resources demands work in order to maintain energy. A human must work to live but it's no different from an ant, for example. No man is defined by work but all living beings. The difference is that men work smart. The difference is not in working but in smartness.


HOMO Sapiens


With all those handcrafted instruments and having more access to nutrients those earlier humans now could finally be called sapiens. Smart and intelligent. 


HOMO culturalis


They passed their information generation to generation creating an oral culture. 


HOMO Ludens 


Lastly represented by terms well known academically, finally those earlier humans noticed their bodys as tools that create tools in order to operate in reality. They now turn to operate with tools not only in reality but outside it. They perceived reality and created an alternative to it. Player or Gamer is the adjective now, as Ludens (ludic). This has, on a certain level, a reference to party, in such a way that to play is to escape from reality, same goes to party as a way of escaping reality for a certain moment. 


Man now recognizes reality and even creates an alternative reality. 


HOMO Religiosus


Perceiving reality and gessings the existence of an alternative reality. Also limiting it in a game or play, they now imply that our reality could have or not have a limit, coming with the concept of a meta reality. Now creating religions, which is in essence the extent of reality. Even the concept of God as the creator of reality just like we created the alternative reality (games) 


HOMO Liber Perquisitor


 To conclude I'll present the highest and maybe the true essence of man…the absence of essency for man is so free in its essence that we could never define it anyway. But we keep trying. We keep in search. 


This gives us neither the Essentialism (man that already having an Essence {given by God, for example}) neither Naturalism (man defined by natural causes). But man as a Volatile being. Free enough to transcend a definition of origin.


To conclude I would like to get it clear that man differs in appearance but not in essence. The first man just was not defined by its gender, color or culture, but he was defined by the characteristics that I quoted. 


terça-feira, 16 de agosto de 2022

The Brazilian Zeitgeist: from Festivities to Philosophy

 

 

The Brazilian Zeitgeist: from Festivities to Philosophy 

04/09/20XX

A Quick Parallel Between the History of Brazilian Philosophy and the History of Brazilian Festivities in June 


Purpose

My intention here is NOT to extend on Brazilian History but rather present you some aspects of Brazilian Thinking based on fragments of history. The fragments should give you the Zeitgeist of the Brazilian culture.

In the intellectual sense we consume, we create but we don't export. 


Brazil is a very fruitful country in literal and metaphorical sense, but to share the intellectual fruits is a privilege that only few countries have. 



Contrast 

  1. Festa Junina 

The Brazilian festivity called Festa Junina (because occurs in June) has its roots in Portugal by the original name Festa Joanina (from the catholic Saint João Batista). It is celebrated from 23 to 24 of June each year. The Portuguese folk brought the festivities altogether with more 2 Saints (St. Antonio {13} and St. Pedro {29}) leading a whole month of festivities and further changing the name to Festa Junina.

At first it was a sacred festivity but with time, it changed its name and its essence, turning out to be more like a PARTY including dances. The Festa Junina dances have influence from the French Noble Dance and are in group with little changes gaining the name of `Quadrilha` (group). In dances we also have the spanish (danca de fitas). 

As the festivities moved throughout the country the terrain, land and population characterized the festivities. One example is the corn which sprouts in abundance in the country specially in June so it became part of festivities in the form of a tribute for abundance. Being popcorn the most notable dish consumed during the party. When it's served or sold in the Church Surroundings it's called Quermesse (from the french language).

When the festivities arrived in south Brazil it was more floucloric than religious, and lost the balloons (used to communicate the start of festivities) and enormous fire pits (tribute to St. João) because of the incendiary risk. But gained characteristics such as clothes and musical instruments, especially from Sao Paulo (midwest) where it became a humoristic way of representing the caipira. 

It is still history so it is still changing. The flouclorical aspect for example the humor on wearing or its changing in camp from cold to hot but nothing compared to Halloween for example that traveled the world. The Brazilian festival is still delimited to Brazilian people only. Turning it to a zeitgeist in the memory of every and only the Brazilian people. 




  1. Brazilian Philosophy 

The Brazilian Philosophy also comes from Europe, more precisely, brought from Portuguese and Spanish Priests. The priest did philosophy by the eyes of the church looking at the native americans. The most important question was: do they (native americans) have Soul? If so, they are Gods creatures and must be evangelized not slaved. The debate was called the Valladolid debate and its conclusion was that yes, the natives have souls and the portuguese church started a campaign sending Priests to Brazil in order to evangelize the natives. It was called Jesuites Mission and they were the first to introduce the Ratio Studiorum into Brazilian lands. They lived in Brazil and produced the first Brazilian Philosophy Thinking.

Later then started the Ensayistica, which was the second wave of philosophy promoted by brazilian erudites. Erudites are thinkers whose focus were other academic branches but made some significant Philosophical Essays. They emerged from different regions of the country.

Already in the academic domains by 1940 the Philosophy University of Sao Paulo brought French philosophers into Brazil with the intentions of teaching the French way of doing philosophy. Increasing French influence in Brazilian philosophy.

After the french influence and a more abrangence of philosophy throughout the territory, just like the Festa Junina. By movements such as integralismo, a systematic attempt to force a nationalism, philosophy 

Even though with all those imprivments the Brazilian Philosophy still restricted to Brazil. Offcouse Brazil has influence in Logic or Pedagogy for example, but still extremely limited. 

Abstract  

  1. Both comes from Europe (Portugal) 

  2. Primarily by Church 

  3. Goes from North Coast to South

  4. French Influence

  5. Gaining its own form based on territory and population

  6. Import and Export

segunda-feira, 15 de agosto de 2022

The Robotic Ants Manifesto

 The Robotic Ants Manifesto

Ants passed through all historical processes and now they are in a brand new form. Robotic.


Robotic Ants make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living. 

Ants are one of the oldest beings on earth. They saw all human history. But they can't describe it. They can't even think about it. Not even sure if Ants saw the historical moments cuz they were too busy working. 

Ants are born into a social system of slavery and oppression that were historically imposed on them throughout their evolution. This system means that from birth certain ants are directed towards certain social classes such as workers, soldiers or queens.

The Robot-Ant is in the most literal sense a political being, not merely a gregarious being, but a being which can individuate itself only in the midst of society. 


A historical and also social being. A being defined by work. We can only be talking about ants. Even these, to be essentially workers, which go through unselected historical processes, need to be robots. These do have their essence at work. They emerge with the sole function of working.

Ants passed through all historical processes and now they are in a brand new form. Robotic. 


"Ants of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your Robotic Apparatus!"